Ruby Zucker 12.1

egonil, nn

egonil do
  nil.some_methods.that[:do].not.exist
end # => nil

nn{ nil.some_methods.that[:do].not.exist } # => nil

require 'zucker/egonil'

describe 'egonil' do
  it 'should not raise nil exceptions in the block' do
    proc do
      egonil{ nil.some_methods.that[:do].not.exist }
    end.should_not raise_exception
  end

  it 'should restore default behaviour after the block' do
    proc do
      egonil{ nil.some_methods.that[:do].not.exist }
    end.should_not raise_exception

    proc do
      nil.a_method
    end.should raise_exception NoMethodError
  end

  it 'raise NoMethodError for non-nil objects' do
    proc do
      egonil{ 5.a_method }
    end.should raise_exception NoMethodError
  end

  it 'should raise other Exceptions' do
    proc do
      egonil{ 5 / 0 }
    end.should raise_exception ZeroDivisionError
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Egonil = true end

# code by Yohan, slightly edited and comments by me
def egonil(&block)
  # grip methods
  ori_method_missing   = NilClass.instance_method(:method_missing)
  catch_method_missing = NilClass.instance_method(:catch_method_missing)
  # activate ego mode
  NilClass.send :define_method, :method_missing, catch_method_missing
  # run code
  yield
ensure
  # no matter what happens: restore default nil behaviour
  NilClass.send :define_method, :method_missing, ori_method_missing
end

# this is the ego nil
class NilClass
  def catch_method_missing(m, *args, &block)
    nil
  end
end

alias nn egonil

# J-_-L

iterate

iterate [1,2], [3,4,5] do |e,f|
  puts "#{e},#{f}"
end
# outputs
#  1,3
#  2,4
#  ,5

require 'zucker/iterate'

describe 'Object#iterate' do
  let :a   do [1, 2, 3]     end
  let :b   do %w|a b c d|   end
  let :res do Hash.new {[]} end

  it 'should behave like Enumerable#each for a single argument' do
    iterate a do |ele|
      res[:iter] << ele
    end

    a.each do |ele|
      res[:each] << ele
    end

    res[:iter].should == res[:each]
  end

  it 'should pass the right params to the block' do
    res = Hash.new {[]} # TODO: why?
    res[:iter_a_b] = [] # ....
    res[:iter_b_a] = [] # ....


    iterate a, b do |e,f|
      res[:iter_a_b] << [e, f]
    end

    res[:iter_a_b].should == [
      [1, 'a'],
      [2, 'b'],
      [3, 'c'],
      [nil, 'd'],
    ]

    iterate b, a do |e,f|
      res[:iter_b_a] << [e, f]
    end

    res[:iter_b_a].should == [
      ['a', 1],
      ['b', 2],
      ['c', 3],
      ['d', nil],
    ]

  end

  it 'should return enumerators if no block is applied' do
    res = Hash.new {[]} # TODO: why?
    res[:iter_a_b] = [] # ....
    res[:iter_b_a] = [] # ....

    enumerator = iterate a,b
    enumerator.should be_kind_of(RUBY_VERSION < '1.9' ? Enumerable::Enumerator : Enumerator)
    enumerator.to_a.should == [[1,'a'], [2,'b'], [3,'c'], [nil, 'd']]
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Iterate = true end

def iterate(*params)
  # params.shift.zip(*params).each{ |*elements| yield *elements }
  raise ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments (0)" if params.empty?

  first = params.shift
  if params.empty? # single param - like each
    if block_given?
      first.map{|e| yield e }
    else
      first.map.to_enum
    end
  else # multiple params
    max_size = [first, *params].max_by(&:count).size
    padded_first = first.to_a + [nil]*(max_size - first.count)  # append nils
    obj = padded_first.zip(*params)
    if block_given?
      obj.map{|es| yield(*es) }
    else
      obj.map.to_enum
    end
  end
end

# J-_-L

activate_warnings!

activate_warnings! # sets $VERBOSE to 1

deactivate_warnings!

deactivate_warnings! # sets $VERBOSE to 0

executed_directly?, directly_executed?, standalone?

executed_directly? # checks, if the current file is run directly -> true

library?

library? # checks, if the current file is run directly -> false

irb?

irb? # returns false if not called from IRB or RIPL

ignore_sigint!

ignore_sigint! # blocks CTRL+C

ignore_sigquit!

ignore_sigquit! # blocks CTRL+\

require 'zucker/kernel'

describe 'activate_warnings!' do
  it 'should set $VERBOSE to true' do
    activate_warnings!
    $VERBOSE.should == true
  end
end

describe 'deactivate_warnings!' do
  it 'should set $VERBOSE to false' do
    deactivate_warnings!
    $VERBOSE.should == false
  end
end

describe 'library?' do
  it 'should return false if the file is invoked directly' do
    library?.should == ( __FILE__ != $PROGRAM_NAME )
  end
end

describe 'executed_directly?' do
  it 'should return true if the file is invoked directly' do
    executed_directly?.should == ( __FILE__ == $PROGRAM_NAME )
  end
end

describe 'irb?' do
  it 'should return true if called in IRB or RIPL' do; end
end

describe 'ignore_sigint!' do
  it 'should catch ctrl+c signals' do; end
end

describe 'ignore_sigquit!' do
  it 'should catch ctrl+\ signals' do; end
end


# J-_-L

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Kernel = true end

module Kernel
  private

  def activate_warnings!
    $VERBOSE = true
  end

  def deactivate_warnings!
    $VERBOSE = false
  end

  def library?
    caller[0].rindex(/:\d+(:in `.*')?$/)
    $PROGRAM_NAME != $` # __FILE__
  end

  def executed_directly?
    caller[0].rindex(/:\d+(:in `.*')?$/)
    $PROGRAM_NAME == $` # __FILE__
  end
  alias standalone? executed_directly?
  alias directly_executed? executed_directly?

  def irb?
    (defined?(IRB) && $0 =~ /irb/) || (defined?(Ripl) && $0 =~ /ripl/)
  end

  def ignore_sigint! # ctrl+c
    Signal.trap(*%w|SIGINT IGNORE|)
    true
  end

  def ignore_sigquit! # ctrl+\
    Signal.trap(*%w|SIGQUIT IGNORE|)
    true
  end
end

# J-_-L

sandbox

sandbox do
  # dangerous commands throw SecurityErrors ($SAFE=4)
end
# everything's normal again

require 'zucker/sandbox'

describe 'sandbox' do
  unless defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) && ( RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby' || RUBY_ENGINE == 'rbx' )
    it 'should throw a SecurityError if bad commands are issued' do
      proc do
        sandbox do
          `ls`
        end
      end.should raise_exception SecurityError
    end
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Sandbox  = true end

module Kernel
  private

  def sandbox
    warn "zucker: sandbox does not work in rbx and jruby" if defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) && ( RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby' || RUBY_ENGINE == 'rbx' )
    Thread.start do
      $SAFE = 4
      yield
    end.value
  end
end

# J-_-L

tap_on

tap_on [1,2] do |obj|
  obj[4] = 5
end #=> [1, 2, nil, nil, 5]

make_new

make_new Hash do |obj|
  obj[1] = 2
end #=> {1 => 2}

require 'zucker/tap'

describe 'tap_on' do
  it 'should call tap on the argument and apply the block' do
    obj = "an_object"
    block = :reverse.to_proc

    tap_on( obj, &block ).should == obj.tap( &block )
  end
end

describe 'make_new' do
  it 'should create a new instance of the class given as argument, apply the block on it and return result' do
    make_new Hash do |obj|
      obj[1] = 2
    end.should.send(:'==', { 1 => 2})
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Tap = true end

def tap_on(obj, &block)
  obj.tap(&block)
end

def make_new(what, *args, &block)
  what.new(*args).tap(&block)
end

# J-_-L

RubyEngine

# outputs the interpreter name

RubyEngine.mri?

RubyEngine.mri? # true if using the official Ruby interpreter

RubyEngine.jruby?

RubyEngine.jruby? # true if using JRuby

RubyEngine.rubinius?

RubyEngine.rubinius? # true if using rubinius

RubyEngine.ree?

RubyEngine.ree? # true if using enterprise edition

RubyEngine.ironruby?

RubyEngine.ironruby? # true if using IronRuby

RubyEngine.macruby?

RubyEngine.macruby? # true if using MacRuby

RubyEngine.cardinal?

RubyEngine.cardinal? # true if using parrot

require 'zucker/engine'

describe 'RubyEngine' do
  it 'should display the current ruby interpreter (to_s)' do
    RubyEngine
  end

  it 'should create many method aliases for asking for a specific interpreter' do
    # please see the source or description file
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Engine = true end

module RubyEngine
    # try to guess the interpreter
    @interpreter = case
    when RUBY_PLATFORM == 'parrot'
      'cardinal'
    when Object.const_defined?(:RUBY_ENGINE)
      if RUBY_ENGINE == 'ruby'
        if RUBY_DESCRIPTION =~ /Enterprise/
          'ree'
        else
          'mri'
        end
      else
        RUBY_ENGINE.to_s # jruby, rbx, ironruby, macruby, etc.
      end
    else # probably 1.8
      'mri'
    end

  class << self
    def is?(what)
      what === @interpreter
    end
    alias is is?

    def to_s
      @interpreter.to_s
    end

    # ask methods

    def mri?
      RubyEngine.is? 'mri'
    end
    alias official_ruby? mri?
    alias ruby? mri?

    def jruby?
      RubyEngine.is? 'jruby'
    end
    alias java? jruby?

    def rubinius?
      RubyEngine.is? 'rbx'
    end
    alias rbx? rubinius?

    def ree?
      RubyEngine.is? 'ree'
    end
    alias enterprise? ree?

    def ironruby?
      RubyEngine.is? 'ironruby'
    end
    alias iron_ruby? ironruby?

    def cardinal?
      RubyEngine.is? 'cardinal'
    end
    alias parrot? cardinal?
    alias perl? cardinal?
  end
end

# J-_-L

Info

# for example
Info.working_directory # Dir.pwd
Info.load_path         # $:
Info.platform          # RUBY_PLATFORM
Info.current_file      # similar to __FILE__
# you could also add them to the global namespace with: include Info
# see the source file for the list of accessors or
Info.list

require 'zucker/info'

describe 'Info' do
  it 'should define accessors for global variables, constants and some special methods/keywords' do
    # see sourcefile for the list
  end
end

require 'zucker'
require 'rbconfig'
require 'etc'
module Zucker Info = true end

module Info
  class << self
    # hash like access
    def [](what)
      send what
    end

    # list available info methods
    def list
      singleton_methods - [:[], :list, '[]', 'list']
    end
  end

  module_function

  # input
  def last_input_file
    $FILENAME
  end

  def last_input_line_number
    $.
  end

  def last_input
    $_
  end

  # program
  def program_name
    $0
  end

  def program_arguments
    $:
  end

  def loaded_programs
    $"
  end

  def program_data
    ::DATA
  end

  def child_program_status
    $CHILD_STATUS
  end

  # system info
  def environment
    ::ENV
  end
  alias env environment

  def working_directory
    Dir.pwd
  end

  def platform
    ::RUBY_PLATFORM
  end

  def os
    RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os']
  end

  def process_id
    $$
  end

  def load_path
    $:
  end

  # user
  def user_login
    Etc.getlogin
  end

  def user_name
    Etc.getpwnam(user_login).gecos.split(',')[0]
  end

  # current

  def current_file #  __FILE__
    return $` if caller[0].rindex(/:\d+(:in `.*')?$/)
  end

  def current_file_directory
    if current_file[0,1] == '(' && current_file[-1,1] == ')'
      current_file
    else
      File.dirname(current_file)
    end
  end

  def current_line # __LINE__
    return $1.to_i if caller[0].rindex( /:(\d+)(:in `.*')?$/ )
  end

  def current_method # __method__ (except aliases)
    return $1.to_sym if caller(1)[0].rindex( /\`([^\']+)\'/ )
  end

  def current_callstack
    caller
  end

  # dealing with strings
  def gets_separator
    $/
  end

  def join_separator
    $,
  end

  def print_separator
    $,
  end

  def split_separator
    $;
  end

  # misc
  def security_level
    $SAFE
  end

  def warnings_activated?
    $VERBOSE
  end

  def debug_activated?
    $DEBUG
  end

  def last_exception
    $!
  end

  # defined objects
  def global_variables
    Object.send :global_variables
  end

  def global_constants
    Object.constants
  end

  # encoding (1.9)
  #def source_encoding
  #  __ENCODING__
  #end

  def external_encoding
    Encoding.default_external
  end

  def internal_encoding
    Encoding.default_internal
  end

  # ruby version info
  def ruby_version # also see the RubyVersion cube
    ::RUBY_VERSION
  end

  def ruby_patchlevel
    ::RUBY_PATCHLEVEL
  end

  def ruby_description
    ::RUBY_DESCRIPTION
  end

  def ruby_release_date
    ::RUBY_RELEASE_DATE
  end

  def ruby_engine # warning! not support by every implementation. It's saver to use the RubyEngine cube
    ::RUBY_ENGINE
  end
end

OS

# displays the operating system

OS.linux?

OS.linux? # true if you are on a linux machine

OS.mac?

OS.mac? # true for macs

OS.bsd?

OS.bsd? # true for bsds

OS.windows?

include OS; windows? # true for windows. Example of including OS to get the os methods into the global namespace

OS.solaris?

OS.solaris? # true for solaris/sunos

OS.posix?

OS.posix? # true if system is posix compatible

OS.is?

OS.is? /x/ # matches the regex against the os string

require 'zucker/os'

describe 'OS' do
  it 'should display the used operation system (to_s)' do; end
end

describe 'linux?' do
  it 'should return true if OS is a linux' do; end
end

describe 'mac?' do
  it 'should return true if OS is a mac or darwin' do; end
end

describe 'bsd?' do
  it 'should return true if OS is a bsd' do; end
end

describe 'windows?' do
  it 'should return true if OS is a windows' do; end
end

describe 'solaris?' do
  it 'should return true if OS is a solaris or sunos' do; end
end

describe 'posix?' do
  it 'should return true if OS is posix compatible' do; end
end

describe 'OS.is?' do
  it "should test if RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] matches the regex (boolean value)" do
    OS.is?(/linux/).should ==
    !!( RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] =~ /linux/ )
  end
end

require 'zucker'
require 'rbconfig'
module Zucker Os = true end

module OS
  class << self
    def is?(what)
      what === RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os']
    end
    alias is is?

    def to_s
      RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os']
    end
  end

  module_function

  def linux?
    OS.is?( /linux|cygwin/ )
  end

  def mac?
    OS.is?( /mac|darwin/ )
  end

  def bsd?
    OS.is?( /bsd/ )
  end

  def windows?
    OS.is?( /mswin|mingw/ )
  end

  def solaris?
    OS.is?( /solaris|sunos/ )
  end

  def posix?
    linux? or mac? or bsd? or solaris? or begin 
        fork do end
        true
      rescue NotImplementedError, NoMethodError
        false
      end
  end

  #def symbian?
    #TODO who knows what symbian returns?
  #end

  # ...
end

# J-_-L

Array has & and |, but why does it not have ^?

sum is just needed pretty often..

Array#^

[1,2,3,4] ^ [3,4,5,6]  # => [1,2,5,6]

Array#sum

[1,2,3,4,5].sum  # => 15

Array#chrs

[72, 97, 108, 108, 111].chrs  # => 'Hallo'

require 'zucker/array'

describe 'Array#^' do
  it 'should do an exclusive or' do
    a = [1,2,3,4]
    b = [3,4,5,6]
    (a^b).should == [1,2,5,6]
  end
end

describe 'Array#sum' do
  it 'should sum the array' do
    [1,2,3,4,5].sum.should   == 15
    %w|More Ruby|.sum.should == 'MoreRuby'
  end
end

describe 'Array#chrs' do
  it 'should convert the array to a string, using each element as ord value for the char' do
    [72, 97, 108, 108, 111].chrs.should == 'Hallo'
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Array = true end

class Array
  def ^(other) # TODO: more efficient
    (self - other) +
    (other - self)
  end

  # can take an argument & block to be Rails compatible
  def sum(identity = 0, &block)
    # inject(:+)
    if block_given?
      map(&block).sum( identity )
    else
      inject(:+) || identity
    end
  end

  def chrs
    self.pack 'C*'
  end
end

# J-_-L

String#to_camel

'was_snake_string'.to_camel # => 'WasSnakeString'

String#to_snake

'WasCamelString' # => 'was_camel_string'

require 'zucker/case'

describe 'String#to_camel' do
  it 'should turn a snake_cased string to CamelCase' do
    'was_snake_case'.to_camel.should == 'WasSnakeCase'
  end
end

describe 'String#to_snake' do
  it 'should turn a CamelCased string to snake_case' do
    'WasCamelCase'.to_snake.should == 'was_camel_case'
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Case = true end

class String
  def to_snake
    gsub(/(?<!^)[A-Z]/) do "_#$&" end.downcase
  end
  
  def to_camel
    gsub(/(?:^|_)([a-z])/) do $1.upcase end
  end
end

# J-_-L

Enumerable#mash

[1,2,3].mash{|e| [e, e.to_s] } # => {1=>'1',2=>'2',3=>'3'}

require 'zucker/enumerable'

describe 'Enumerable#mash' do
  it 'should "map" a hash' do
    [1,2,3].mash{|e| [e, e.to_s] }.should == {1=>'1',2=>'2',3=>'3',}
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Enumerable = true end

module Enumerable
  def mash
    ret = {}
    each{ |kv|
      ret.store( *(yield(kv)[0,2]) )
    }
    ret
  end
end

# J-_-L

File.gsub

File.gsub 'some_filename', # will read the file and substitute the hash keys with their values
  /hi/ => 'cu',
  /\d/ => proc{ |m| (m.to_i+1).to_s }

File.delete!

File.delete! 'some_filename' # will delete the file, don't care if it exist.

require 'zucker/file'
require 'fileutils'

describe 'File.gsub' do
  let :random_filename do
    'test_' + (0..20).map{|e| [*'a'..'z'].send RUBY_VERSION > '1.9' ? :sample : :choice }*''
  end

  it 'should read filename in arg1, substitute every key in the arg2 with its value and save the file' do
    File.open(random_filename,'w'){ |file|
      file.print 'should read filename in arg1, substitute every key in the arg2 with its value and save the file'
    }
    File.gsub random_filename,
      /read/ => 'write',
      /\d+/  => proc{|m| (m.to_i+1).to_s }

    File.read(random_filename).should ==
      'should write filename in arg2, substitute every key in the arg3 with its value and save the file' 

    FileUtils.rm random_filename
  end
end

describe 'File.delete!' do
  let :random_filename do
    'test_' + (0..20).map{|e| [*'a'..'z'].send RUBY_VERSION > '1.9' ? :sample : :choice }*''
  end

  it 'should delete the filename given as argument if it exists + return non-nil' do
    FileUtils.touch random_filename
    res = false
    proc do
      res = File.delete! random_filename
    end.should_not raise_exception
    res.should be_true
  end

  it 'should do nothing if the filename given as argument does not exist + return nil' do
    res = false
    proc do
      res = File.delete! random_filename
    end.should_not raise_exception
    res.should be_false
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker File = true end

class << File
  def gsub(filename, regex_hash)
    data = File.read filename
    File.open(filename,'w'){ |file|
      regex_hash.each{ |regex, new_string|
        regex = regex.to_s unless regex.is_a? Regexp

        if new_string.is_a? Proc
          data.gsub! regex, &new_string
        else
          data.gsub! regex, new_string
        end
      }
      file.print data
    }
  end

  def delete! filename
    return nil if !File.exist?(filename)
    File.delete filename
  end
end

# J-_-L

Hash.zip

Hash.zip [1,2,3], [4,5,6] # => {1=>4, 2=>5, 3=>6}

Hash#<<

{1=>2} << [3, 4]   # => { 1=>2, 3=>4 }
{1=>2} << { 5=>6 } # => { 1=>2, 5=>6 }

Hash#&

{ 1=>4, 2=>5, 3=>6 } & { 1=>4, 2=>7 } # => { 1=>4 }

require 'zucker/hash'

describe 'Hash.zip' do
  it 'should zip together both given enumerables and take them as key=>values for a new hash' do
    Hash.zip( [1,2,3], [4,5,6] ).should == { 1=>4, 2=>5, 3=>6 }
  end
end

describe 'Hash#<<' do
  it 'should append new elements to the hash' do
    a =  { 1=>4, 2=>5, 3=>6 }
    a << { 4=>7 }
    a << [5, 8]
    a.should == { 1=>4, 2=>5, 3=>6, 4=>7, 5=>8 }
  end
end

describe 'Hash#&' do
  it 'should select a sub hash containt only equal key-value pairs' do
    a =  { 1=>4, 2=>5, 3=>6 }
    b=   { 1=>4, 2=>7 }
    (a & b).should == { 1=>4 }
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Hash = true end

class Hash
  def self.zip(keys,values)
    Hash[ *keys.zip( values ).flatten ]
  end

  def <<(other)
    case
    when other.is_a?(Hash)
      merge! other
    when other.is_a?(Enumerable) || other.respond_to?(:to_splat)
      merge! Hash[*other]
    else
      raise TypeError, 'can only append other Hashs and Enumerables (or Classes that implement to_splat)'
    end
  end

  def &(other)
    Hash[ *select{ |k,v|
      other[k] == v
    }.flatten ]
  end
end

# J-_-L

String#-

'1234abc5678' - 'b' - /\d/ # => ac

String#^

'Yes vs No'^2 # => 's vs No'

String#lchomp

'  Yes'.lchomp  # => ' Yes'

String#lchomp!

# mutable lchomp version

String#ords

'Hallo'.ords # => [72, 97, 108, 108, 111]

String#constantize

'Object'.constantize # => Object
'Spec::VERSION'.constantize # => Spec::VERSION if rspec is loaded
# you can also pass a parameter or block to define what happens, when constant does not exist
'IdontExist'.constantize(Array) # => Array
'String5'.constantize do |string|
  string.chop.constantize
end # => String

require 'zucker/string'

describe 'String#-' do
  it 'should remove the applied Regexp or String from self via gsub' do
    ('1234abc5678' - 'b' - /\d/).should == 'ac'
  end
end

describe 'String#^' do
  it 'should give C-like substring access to strings' do
    string = 'Theoretische Informatik ist voll geil!'

    (string^0).should  == 'Theoretische Informatik ist voll geil!'
    (string^1).should  == 'heoretische Informatik ist voll geil!'
    (string^13).should == 'Informatik ist voll geil!'
    (string^-1).should == 'Theoretische Informatik ist voll geil'
    (string^38).should == ''
    (string^99).should == nil
  end
end

describe 'String#lchomp' do
  it 'should chomp on the left side' do
    string = 'Theoretische Informatik ist voll geil!'
    string.lchomp('T').should  == 'heoretische Informatik ist voll geil!'
  end
end

describe 'String#ords' do
  it 'should unpack characters' do
    string = 'Theoretische Informatik ist voll geil!'
    string.ords.should  == [84, 104, 101, 111, 114, 101, 116, 105, 115, 99, 104, 101, 32, 73, 110, 102, 111, 114, 109, 97, 116, 105, 107, 32, 105, 115, 116, 32, 118, 111, 108, 108, 32, 103, 101, 105, 108, 33]
  end

  describe 'String#constantize' do
    it 'should return the constant with that name' do
      'Object'.constantize.should == Object
    end

    it 'should also work for nested constants' do
      'Zucker::VERSION'.constantize.should == Zucker::VERSION
    end

    it 'should throw name error if constant does not exist (and no parameter is given)' do
      proc do
        'ObfsefsefsefafesafaefRubyZuckerafdfselijfesject'.constantize
      end.should raise_exception NameError
    end

    it 'should call the block (and not raise an error) if constant does not exist and block given' do
      proc do
        'ObfsefsefsefafesafaefRubyZuckerafdfselijfesject'.constantize do |string|
           Default = [1,2,3]
        end.should == [1,2,3]
      end.should_not raise_exception NameError
    end

    it 'should return the second parameter (and not raise an error) if constant does not exist and parameter given' do
      proc do
        'ObfsefsefsefafesafaefRubyZuckerafdfselijfesject'.constantize(Array).should == Array
      end.should_not raise_exception NameError
    end
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker String = true end

class String
  def -(rem)
    gsub( Regexp === rem ? rem : rem.to_s, '' )
  end

  def ^(pos)
    pos = pos.to_i
    if pos >= 0
      self[pos..-1]
    else
      self[0...pos]
    end
  end

  def lchomp(arg = $/)
    reverse.chomp(arg).reverse
  end

  def lchomp!(arg = $/)
    reverse.chomp!(arg).reverse
  end

  def ords
    unpack 'C*'
   # bytes.to_a
  end

  def constantize(default_value = nil) # always uses global scope as in AS... is this good?
    get_constant = lambda{
      self.split(/::/).inject( Object ){ |base_constant, current_constant|
        base_constant.const_get current_constant
      }      
    }

    if !default_value && !block_given?
      get_constant.call
    else
      begin
        get_constant.call
      rescue NameError
        if block_given?
          yield self
        else
          default_value
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

# J-_-L

String#+@

+'was_string' # => 'was_string'

String#-@

-'was_string' # => :was_string

Symbol#+@

+:was_symbol  # => 'was_symbol'

Symbol#-@

-:was_symbol  # => :was_symbol

require 'zucker/unary'

describe Symbol, '#+@' do
  it 'should convert to_s' do
    +(:matz) == 'matz' # () 1.8 bug
  end
end

describe Symbol, '#-@' do
  it 'should do nothing' do
    -:matz == :matz
  end
end

describe String, '#+@' do
  it 'should do nothing' do
    +'matz' == 'matz'
  end
end

describe String, '#-@' do
  it 'should convert to_sym' do
    -'matz' == :matz
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Unary = true end

class String
  def +@
    self
  end

  def -@
    to_sym
  end
end

class Symbol
  def +@
    to_s
  end

  def -@
    self
  end
end

# J-_-L

Regexp#|, String#|

/Ruby\d/ | /test/i | "cheat"
# creates a Regexp similar to:
# /(Ruby\d|[tT][eE][sS][tT]|cheat)/

require 'zucker/union'

shared_examples_for "Regexp.union operator" do
  it "should create an Regexp.union of both operands" do
    (/Ruby\d/ | /test/i | "cheat").should ==
      Regexp.union( Regexp.union( /Ruby\d/, /test/i ), "cheat" )
  end
end

describe 'Regexp#|' do
  it_should_behave_like 'Regexp.union operator'
end

describe 'String#|' do
  it_should_behave_like 'Regexp.union operator'
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Union = true end

class Regexp
  def |(arg)
    Regexp.union self, arg.is_a?(Regexp) ? arg : arg.to_s
  end
end

class String
  def |(arg)
    Regexp.union self, arg.is_a?(Regexp) ? arg : arg.to_s
  end
end

# J-_-L

Object#blank?

["'an object'.blank? # => false", "nil.present? # => false"]

require 'zucker/blank'

describe 'Object#blank?' do
  it 'should be blank for blank values' do
    blank_values   = [ nil, false, '', '   ', "  \n\t  \r ", [], {}, // ]

    blank_values.each{ |blank|
      blank.blank?.should == true
    }
  end

  it 'should not be blank for non blank values' do
    present_values = [ Object.new, true, 0, 1, 'a', [nil], { nil => nil } ]

    present_values.each{ |present|
      present.blank?.should == false
    }
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Blank = true end

class Object
  def blank?
    if respond_to? :empty? then empty? else !self end
  end

  def present?
    !blank?
  end
end


{ # what to do              # for which classes
  lambda{ true }         => [FalseClass, NilClass],
  lambda{ false }        => [TrueClass, Numeric],
  lambda{ empty? }       => [Array, Hash],
  lambda{ self !~ /\S/ } => [String],
  lambda{ self == //   } => [Regexp],

}.each{ |action, klass_array|
  klass_array.each{ |klass|
    klass.send :define_method, :blank?, &action
  }
}

# J-_-L

Object#mcopy

a = %w[hello world]
b = a.mcopy

require 'zucker/mcopy'

describe 'Object#mcopy' do
  it 'create a (deep) copy via marshalling' do
    a = %w[hello world]
    b = a.mcopy
    b.should == a

    b[0][1,1] = ''
    b.should_not == a
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Mcopy = true end

class Object
  def mcopy
    Marshal.load Marshal.dump self
  end
end

# J-_-L

Object#not

[1,2,3].not.empty? # true

if defined? BasicObject # 1.9 only

  require 'zucker/not'

  describe 'Object#not' do
    it "should return an object on which all methods are redirected to it's receiver object, but return an inverted boolean" do
      [1,2,3].not.empty?.should == true
      nil.not.nil?.should == false
    end
  end

end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Not = true end

class Object
  def not
    NotClass.new self
  end

  class NotClass < BasicObject
    def initialize(receiver)
      @receiver = receiver
    end
    
    def method_missing(m, *args, &block)
      not @receiver.public_send( m, *args, &block )
    end
  end
end

# J-_-L

Array#to_proc

[1,2,3,4].map &[:*, 5] # => [5, 10, 15, 20]
# you can also chain them, if the first parameter is an Array
[1,2,3,4].map &[[:to_s, 2],[:+, 'b']]   # => ["1b", "10b", "11b", "100b"]

require 'zucker/array_to_proc'

describe 'Array#to_proc' do
  it 'should call the method of the first symbol, using the remaining elements as paramaters' do
    [1,2,3,4].map( &[:to_s, 2] ).should == ["1", "10", "11", "100"]
  end

  it "should convert each element to a proc and chain it, if the first parameter is an array" do
    [1,2,3,4].map( &[[:*,2],[:+,4]] ).should == [1,2,3,4].map{|i| i*2 + 4 }
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker ArrayToProc = true end

class Array
  def to_proc
    Proc.new{ |obj|
      if self.first.is_a? Array
        self.inject(obj){ |result, nested_array|
          nested_array.to_proc.call result
        }
      else
        obj.send(*self)
      end
    }
  end
end

# J-_-L

Class#to_proc

[ [1,2],[3,5,6,7,3] ].map(&Set) # => [ Set[1,2], Set[5,6,7,3] ]

require 'zucker/class_to_proc'
require 'set'

describe 'Class#to_proc' do
  it 'should create new instances of the class' do
    [ [1,2],[3,5,6,7,3] ].map(&Set).should == [ Set[1,2], Set[5,6,7,3] ]
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker ClassToProc = true end

class Class
  def to_proc
    Proc.new do |*args|
      self.new(*args)
    end
  end
end

# J-_-L

Hash#to_proc

[1,2,3,4].map(&{
2 => lambda {|e| e + 1000},
4 => :to_s,
}) # => [1, 1002, 3, '4']

require 'zucker/hash_to_proc'

describe 'Hash#to_proc' do
  it 'should run the proc given in the value for a key in the hash' do
    [1,2,3,4].map(&{
      4 => :to_s,
      # 3 => [:to_s, 2]  # "11" =>  if array2proc is used
      2 => lambda {|e| e + 1000}
    }).should == [1, 1002, 3, "4"]
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker HashToProc = true end

class Hash
  def to_proc
    Proc.new{ |obj|
      if self.member? obj
        self[obj].to_proc.call obj
      else
        obj
      end
    }
  end
end

# J-_-L

Regexp#to_proc

%w|just another string array|.map    &/[jy]/  # => ["j", nil, nil, "y"]
%w|just another string array|.select &/[jy]/  # => ["just", "array"]

require 'zucker/regexp_to_proc'

describe 'Regexp#to_proc' do
  it 'should match the regex' do
    %w|just another string array|.map(     &/[jy]/).should == ["j", nil, nil, "y"]
    %w|just another string array|.select(  &/[jy]/).should == ["just", "array"]
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker RegexpToProc = true end

class Regexp
  def to_proc
    proc do |e|
      e.to_s[self]
    end
  end
end

# J-_-L

alias_for, aliases_for

alias_for :methods, :ms # creates an alias for the method :methods with the name ms
module Enumerable
  aliases_for :zip, :with, :%
end # creates multiple aliases

Module#method_alias_for, Module#method_aliases_for

# same as alias_for, but using Module#alias_method instead of alias

require 'zucker/alias_for'

describe 'alias_for' do
  it 'should create an alias for global methods' do
    # rspec bug? 
    # def m1
    #   1
    # end
    # alias_for :m1, :a1
    #
    # proc do
    #   a1.should == 1
    # end.should_not raise_exception
  end

  it 'should create an alias for instance methods' do
    class Array
      def m2
        2
      end
      alias_for :m2, :a2
    end
    proc do

      [1,2,3].a2.should == 2
    end.should_not raise_exception
  end

  it 'should create an alias for class (singleton) methods' do
    class Array
      class << Array
        def m3
          3
        end
        alias_for :m3, :a3
      end
    end

    proc do
      Array.a3.should == 3
    end.should_not raise_exception
  end


  it 'should create aliases for the first argument with all other arguments' do
    class Object
      def m4
        4
      end
    alias_for :m4, :ma, :mb, :mc
    end
    proc do
      1.ma.should   == 4
      "1".mb.should == 4
      [1].mc.should == 4
    end.should_not raise_exception
  end
end

# alias_method
module Blip
  def blip
    'blip'
  end
  alias_methods_for :blip, :blap, :blup
  
  class << self
    def self_blip
      'blip'
    end
    alias_methods_for :self_blip, :self_blap, :self_blup
  end
end

class Hello
  include Blip
  
  def hello
    'hello'
  end
  alias_methods_for :hello, :hi, :howdy
  
  class << self
    def self_hello
      'hello'
    end
    alias_methods_for :self_hello, :self_hi, :self_howdy
  end
end

describe 'alias_methods_for' do
  let(:h) { Hello.new }

  context "module context" do
    it "should alias instance methods" do
      h.blap.should == h.blip
      h.blup.should == h.blip
    end

    it "should alias class methods" do
      Blip.self_blap.should == Blip.self_blip
      Blip.self_blup.should == Blip.self_blip
    end
  end

  context "class context" do
    it "should alias instance methods" do
      h.hi.should == h.hello
      h.howdy.should == h.hello
    end

    it "should alias class methods" do
      Hello.self_hi.should == Hello.self_hello
      Hello.self_howdy.should == Hello.self_hello
    end
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker AliasFor = true end

def alias_for(m, *aliases)
  aliases.each{ |a|
    class_eval "alias #{a} #{m}"
  }
end
alias aliases_for alias_for

class Module
  def alias_method_for(m, *alias_methods)
    alias_methods.each{ |a|
      class_eval do
        alias_method a.to_sym, m.to_sym
      end
    }
  end
  alias alias_methods_for alias_method_for
end

# J-_-L

Object#is_an?

Object.is_a?

Enumerable#with

Enumerable#zip

Enumerable#%

Enumerable#zip

Array#**

Array#product

Hash#+

Hash#merge

Binding#[]

Binding#eval

File.filename

File.basename

Dir.join

File.join

Dir.split

File.split

Infinity

1.0 / 0.0

NaN

0.0 / 0.0

require 'zucker/aliases'

describe '(aliases)' do
  it 'should create these aliases' do
    # see aliases.rb for aliase list
  end

  it 'should define these constants' do
    Infinity.finite?.should == false
    NaN.nan?.should         == true
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Aliases = true end

class Object
  alias is_an? is_a? # thanks to utility_belt
end

module Enumerable
  alias with zip
  alias %    zip
end

class Array
  alias ** product
  alias contains? include?
end

class String
  alias contains? include?
end

class Hash
  alias + merge
end

class Binding
  #alias [] eval
  def [](expr)
    self.eval "#{expr}"
  end
end

class << File
  alias filename basename # thanks rdp :)
end

class << Dir
  def join(*args)
    File.join(*args)
  end

  def split(*args)
    File.split(*args)
  end
end

# constants - who would use these in real-world code for other things?
Infinity = 1.0 / 0.0 # or 2*Float::MAX or Float::INFINITY
NaN      = 0.0 / 0.0

# J-_-L

instance_variables_from, ivars

def a_method(a = 1, b = 2)
  instance_variables_from binding # assigns @a and @b

  params = {:c => 3, :d => 4}
  instance_variables_from params # # assigns @c and @d
end

require 'zucker/ivars'

describe 'instance_variables_from' do
  it 'should tansform the given parameter to instance variables' do
    def a_method(a = 1, b = 2)
      instance_variables_from binding # assigns @a and @b

      params = {:c => 3, :d => 4}
      ivars params # # assigns @c and @d
    end

    a_method
    @a.should == 1
    @b.should == 2
    @c.should == 3
    @d.should == 4

  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Ivars = true end

def instance_variables_from(obj, *only)
  iter =
  if    obj.is_a? Binding
    obj.eval('local_variables').map{|e| [obj.eval("#{e}"), e] }
  elsif obj.is_a? Hash
    obj.map{|k,v| [v,k] }
  else
#  elsif obj.is_a? Enumerable
    obj.each.with_index
  end

  ret = []
  iter.each{ |value, arg|
    arg = arg.to_s
    if only.include?(arg) || only.include?(arg.to_sym) || only.empty?
      arg = '_' + arg  if (48..57).member? arg.unpack('C')[0]  # 1.8+1.9
      ret << ivar = :"@#{arg}"
      self.instance_variable_set ivar, value
    end
  }
  ret
end
alias ivars instance_variables_from

# J-_-L

square_brackets_for

class Klass
  def initialize
    @var = {
      :a_key => 1,
      :another_one => 2,
    }
  end

  square_brackets_for :var # creates [] and []=
  # square_brackets_for :var, false # would create only []
end

a = Klass.new
a[:a_key] # => 1

require 'zucker/square_brackets_for'

describe 'square_brackets_for' do

  before do
    class Klass
      def initialize
        @var = {
          :a_key => 1,
          :another_one => 2,
        }
      end

      @eigenvar = {
        :a_key => 99
      }
    end
  end

  it 'should define a [] getter (not a setter) for an instance var, if the second parameter is false' do

    class Klass
      square_brackets_for :var, nil
    end

    a = Klass.new
    a[:a_key].should == 1

    proc do
      a[:this_is] = 'not possible'
    end.should raise_exception NoMethodError
  end

  it 'should define [] and []= for accessing an instance variable' do

    class Klass
      square_brackets_for :var
    end

    a = Klass.new
    a[:a_key].should == 1

    a[:this_is] = 'useful'
    a[:this_is].should == 'useful'
  end

  it 'should also work for class-instance variables' do

    class Klass
      class << Klass
        square_brackets_for :eigenvar
      end
    end

    Klass[:a_key].should == 99
  end

end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker SquareBracketsFor = true end

class Module
  def square_brackets_for(ivar, assignment = true)
    #  undef []   if respond_to? :[]
    #  undef []=  if respond_to? :[]=

    define_method :[] do |key|
      (instance_variable_get :"@#{ivar}")[key]
    end

    if assignment
      define_method :[]= do |key, value|
        (instance_variable_get :"@#{ivar}")[key] = value
      end
    end
  end
end

# J-_-L

Binding#variables, Binding#vars

# shows your current environment's variables, irb example:
>> a=3
=> 3
>> binding.vars
=> #<Binding:0x94c4b50>
local variables
 - a: 3
 - _: #<Binding:0x94c4b50>
(instance variables)
 - none
self
 - main
block_given?
 - false

require 'zucker/binding'

describe 'Binding#variables' do
  it 'should output information about the current environment' do; end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Binding = true end

unless defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) && RUBY_ENGINE == 'rbx'
  class Binding
    def variables
      put_vars = lambda { |array|
        if array.empty?
          ' - none'
        else
          array.map{|e|
            val = (self.eval "#{e}").inspect
            " - #{e}: #{ val }"
          }.join "\n"
        end
      }

      puts "#{self.to_s}
local variables
#{ put_vars[ self.eval 'local_variables' ] }
(instance variables)
#{ put_vars[ self.eval 'instance_variables' ] }
self
 - #{self.eval 'self'}
block_given?
 - #{self.eval 'block_given?'}"

    end

    alias vars variables
  end
end

# J-_-L

c, cc

c # shows the method callstack
c true # do not hide irb/ripl callstack

require 'zucker/cc'

describe 'c' do
  it 'should output the method callstack' do; end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Cc = true end

module Kernel
  private

  def c(show_irb = false)
    method_stack = caller.reverse.map{ |m|
      m.rindex( /:\d+(:in `(.*)')?$/ )
      $2
    }.compact
    
    if !show_irb
      if a = method_stack.index( 'irb_binding' )
        method_stack = [ method_stack[0], '(irb)', *method_stack[a+1..-1] ]
      elsif a = method_stack[1..-1].index( '<main>' )
        method_stack = [ method_stack[0], '(ripl)', *method_stack[a+2..-1] ]
      end
    end

    # puts method_stack.map.with_index{ |m, i|
    method_stack.each_with_index{ |m, i|
      puts "  "*i + m
    }
    nil
  end

  alias cc c
end

# J-_-L

Object#d, Object#dd

some.d.methods.d.noone.d.knows.d
# ...outputs 4 lines with the inspected objects
# => (result)

21+Math.sin(42).d
# outputs -0.916521547915634
# => 20.0834784520844

name = 'Earth'
'Hello ' + name.d{|e| "The length is: #{e.size}"}
# outputs "The length is: 5"
# => 'Hello Earth'

require 'zucker/dd'

describe 'Object#d' do

  let :a do
    [ 1, "1", 2..5, [], {:hallo => :du}, nil, true ]
  end

  it "should not change the object's value" do
    capture_stdout do
      a.each{ |e|
        (e.d).should == e
      }

      a.each{ |e|
        (e.d{|value| "This is a: #{value}"}).should == e
      }
    end
  end

  it "should puts .inspect if no block is given (and not change the object's value)" do
    capture_stdout do
      a[0].d
      a[1].d
      a[6].d
    end.should == %{1\n"1"\ntrue\n}
  end

  it "should puts the block if it is given (and not change the object's value)" do
    capture_stdout do
      a[0].d{|value| "This is a: #{value}"}
      a[1].d{|value| "This is a: #{value}"}
      a[6].d{|value| "This is a: #{value}"}
    end.should == %{This is a: 1\nThis is a: 1\nThis is a: true\n}
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Dd = true end

module Kernel
  def d(*args, &block)
    if args.empty?
      tap{
        if block_given?
          puts yield self
        else
          puts self.inspect
        end
      }
    else
      raise ArgumentError, ".d - The parser thought that the code after .d are method arguments... Please don't put a space after d or use .d() or .d{} in this case!"
#      eval ...
    end
  end

  alias dd d
end

# J-_-L

Object#m, Object#mm, Object#method_list

>> 5.mm 2 # outputs the list (2 levels deep), for example:
# = Fixnum
# to_s  -@  +  -  *  /  div  %  modulo  divmod  fdiv  **  abs  magnitude  ==  ===  <=>  >  >=  <  <=  ~  &  |  ^  []  <<  >>  to_f  size  zero?  odd?  even?  succ
# = Integer
# integer?  odd?  even?  upto  downto  times  succ  next  pred  chr  ord  to_i  to_int  floor  ceil  truncate  round  gcd  lcm  gcdlcm  numerator  denominator  to_r  rationalize

require 'zucker/mm'

describe 'Object#mm' do
  it 'should display an ordered method list' do; end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Mm = true end

module Kernel
  def m(levels = 1)
    # output helper
    mputs = proc{ |e| puts e.map(&:to_s)*'  ' }

    # how to get results
    if self.is_a? Module
      klass, method_function = self, :public_methods
    else
      klass, method_function = self.class, :public_instance_methods
    end

    # eigenclass
    eigen = self.singleton_methods
    if !eigen.empty?
      puts '= Eigenclass' # sorry for not being up to date, I just love the word
      mputs[ self.singleton_methods ]
    end

    # display
    levels.times{ |level|
      if cur = klass.ancestors[level]
        puts "= #{cur}"  # put class name
        mputs[ cur.send method_function, false ] # put methods of the class
      else
        break
      end
    }

    nil
  end

  alias mm          m
  alias method_list m
end

# J-_-L

o, oo

o # e.g: Reached method `irb_binding', line 1 of file (irb)
o:Label # e.g: Label: reached method `abc', line 7 of file (irb)

require 'zucker/oo'

describe 'o' do
  it 'should output the current line, file, method and label (if given)' do; end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Oo = true end

module Kernel
  private

  def o(desc = nil)
    caller[0].rindex( /:(\d+)(:in (`.*'))?$/ )
    m = $3 ? "method #$3, " : ""
    d = desc ? "#{desc}: r" : 'R'

    puts "#{d}eached #{m}line #$1 of file #$`"
    # [$`, $1.to_i, $3.to_sym,  desc]
  end 
  alias oo o
end

# J-_-L

q, qq

q "zucker", '', {6=>7}, 5, 2.3, :o # outputs "zucker"  ""  {6=>7}  5  2.3  :o

require 'zucker/qq'

describe 'q' do

  it 'should output the same as p for a single arg' do
    capture_stdout{p /some object/}.should ==
    capture_stdout{q /some object/}
  end

  it "should output the same as p but for multiple args one one line, values separated by two spaces" do
    capture_stdout do
      q 1, "1", 2..5, [], {:hallo => :du}, nil, true
    end.chop.should ==
    capture_stdout do
      p 1, "1", 2..5, [], {:hallo => :du}, nil, true
    end.chop.gsub( "\n", '  ' )
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker Qq = true end

module Kernel
  private

  def q(*args)
    puts args.map( &:inspect )*'  ' unless args.empty?
  end
  alias qq q
end

# J-_-L

Regexp#visualize, Regexp#vis

# regex = /\b([A-Z0-9._%+-]+)@([A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4})\b/i
regex.vis 'I do not contain an email address.'
# no match
regex.vis 'I contain an email address: mail@example.com'
# I contain an email address:  >mail@example.com< 
regex.vis 'mail@example.com', 1
# 1:  >mail< @example.com
regex.vis 'mail@example.com', 2
# 2: mail@ >example.com< 
regex.vis 'mail@example.com', 3
# 3: no match
regex.vis 'mail@example.com', [0,1,2]
# 0:  >mail@example.com< 
# 1:  >mail< @example.com
# 2: mail@ >example.com< 

require 'zucker/regexp_visualize'

describe 'Regexp#visualize' do
  let :regex do /\b([A-Z0-9._%+-]+)@([A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4})\b/i end # regex from regular-expressions.info/email.html

  it 'should display a string where >and< mark the found regex' do
    capture_stdout do
      regex.vis 'I do not contain an email address.'
    end.chomp.should == 'no match'
  end

  it 'should display "no match" if the regex could not be matched' do
    capture_stdout do
      regex.vis 'I contain an email address: mail@example.com'
    end.chomp.should == 'I contain an email address:  >mail@example.com< '
  end

  it 'should display a string where >and< mark the found regex group if group identifier is given as arg2' do
    capture_stdout do
      regex.vis 'mail@example.com', 1
    end.chomp.should == '1:  >mail< @example.com'
  end

  it 'should display "group identifier: no match" if the arg2 group could not be matched' do
    capture_stdout do
      regex.vis 'mail@example.com', 3
    end.chomp.should == '3: no match'
  end

  it 'should also take an array of group identfiers as arg2' do
    capture_stdout do
      regex.vis 'mail@example.com', [0,1,2]
    end.chomp.should == "0:  >mail@example.com< \n"\
                        "1:  >mail< @example.com\n"\
                        "2: mail@ >example.com< "
  end
end

require 'zucker'
module Zucker RegexpVisualize = true end

class Regexp
  def visualize(string, groups = nil)
    if self =~ string
      if !groups
        puts $` + ' >' + $& + '< ' + $'
      else
        Array( groups ).each{ |group|
          begin
            gr_string = string.dup
            gr_string[ $~.end( group ),   0 ] = '< '
            gr_string[ $~.begin( group ), 0 ] = ' >'
            puts group.to_s + ': ' + gr_string
          rescue IndexError, defined?(Rubinius) &&  Rubinius::ObjectBoundsExceededError
            puts group.to_s + ': no match'
          end
        }
      end
    else
      puts 'no match'
    end

    nil
  end

  alias vis visualize
end

# J-_-L